What is a tech stack?
A tech stack means what programming languages, operating systems, frameworks are your software developers using to create your custom application or web development project.
Most web development projects are built with different technologies but they often have the same fundamental concerns. Every website needs:
1. A place to store information, i.e., a database like MySQL or MongoDB;
2. A way to respond to HTTP requests, i.e., a server-side framework like Express, Rails or Django;
3. A client-side framework like Angular, React or Redux in order to make performant rich and interactive client-side applications.
Simply put, these three options make up a stack. But how are you going to choose the technology that suits your project best? Let’s take a look at the most popular tech stack for web development, from frontend to backend technologies, and where exactly they’re used.
Most used tech stack for web development 2022
React
React is one of the most widely used JavaScript libraries for frontend development, according to Stack Overflow Survey 2021. The main purpose of React is to be simple, scalable, and fast. It is used along with React Native and Redux for enterprise-grande mobile applications.
The React library is used to build dynamic, SEO-friendly websites, mobile apps, single-page apps, dashboards, and visualization tools. Some of the most popular platforms and apps have vouched for the business benefits that Reactjst brings to the table: Facebook, Dropbox, Netflix, Reddit, amongst others.
From a business perspective, the main benefits of picking React for your project are speed of iteration – publishing updates for apps (including web application) is much faster and smoother; and easy maintenance – as a business person, your worst dream is your app chasing in the middle of the peak shopping season; so when you build a web application using React, a major benefit you get is that it is easy to maintain.
Python
Python is an object-oriented (based around data) and high-level programming language, also being the preferred coding language for those who want rapid software development of their project.
Over the years, Python has seen an outstanding growth and commendable influence in the IT world, impacting the fields of software development, data science, artificial intelligence, machine learning and computer vision. It has been conquering the top ranks as one of the most popular programming languages, again according to Stack Overflow Survey 2021.
Although Python can become quite a challenge for large projects, Python does foment rapid application development, thanks to its modules and packages, which are at the core of reusable code.
Node
Node is an event-driven, non-blocking framework, being the 6th most popular technology amongst developers. Because of its adaptive evolution and minimal resource requirements, Node has become a standard for business giants like LinkedIn, Uber, and PayPal.
According to Hackernoon, companies have admitted to loading-time savings of up to 60% with the use of Node. It’s important to note that Node is best suited for organizations that need to build scalable, high-performance web apps that receive a significant volume of traffic. These might be social media networks, e-Commerce sites, or any other sort of online application that requires constant updates when subjected with high traffic.
The usage of Node in the web development world, as of 2021:
- It is the 6th most popular technology globally;
- It is at the top 10 of most wanted languages;
- It is mostly used to develop projects within the Computer Electronics and Technology field as well as Law & Government.
Angular
Angular is component-based front-end framework used for building single-page client applications using HTML and TypeScript – which ensure lighter and faster apps.
As a business, it’s normal to want a mobile and web applications that can help you cast a wider reach and achieve the growth you expect. Angular helps you deliver just that as its biggest strengths are speed, productivity, ease of access and the ability to deliver rich experiences across web and mobile interfaces.
Owing to the various advantages of Angular, brands galore use this framework for their websites, including Forbes, IBM, Paypal, Microsoft Office Home, amongst others.
This shows that Angular is already a market leader in software development frameworks and the preferred language for leading businesses.
Vue
Also on the top 5 of most commonly used web frameworks in 2022, Vue is another favored front-end tool used to build web interfaces and one-page applications without requiring multiple resources.
Do you want to build a MVP? Discover here how.
Vue’s existing reusable components and templates make it easy to accelerate the app development process and launch your MVP in a time-efficient manner, no matter its complexity. Vue has specifically been designed to enable teams to convert small pieces of an application rather than doing a complete rebuild. This means there is a low risk in trying it compared to other frameworks where a “no turning back” approach might be the only option.
Vue’s great performance is evidenced by adoption by well-established companies like Adobe, Trustpilot, Alibaba, and Xiaomi.
Ruby
Ruby is a general-purpose programming language for backend, meaning it enables the creation of a variety of programs. You may have heard of it in connection to Ruby on Rails, one of the most famous web development frameworks that has enabled companies such as Twitter, Airbnb, Dribble and Hulu to grow into some of the biggest names.
Since Ruby comes with an open-source library, businesses galore choose it as it’s an extremely flexible language and it enables developers to create software relatively quickly. Some might find Ruby as one of the most time-efficient languages on the market, especially when used with Rails, so it’s no surprise that startups often pick Ruby when they want to build and scale their product quickly. Hence, the MVP approach is also often associated with Ruby on Rails.
Ruby shines the brightest when it comes to developing web applications, e-commerce and content management websites, custom database solutions and prototyping.
Much of Ruby’s popularity comes from the association with Rails, however Ruby can also be applied to static site generation, command-line tools, web scraping, automation, DevOps, and data processing. And although Ruby has developed a lot, it still is not always the first choice for programmers as it is still seen as a niche language. But the popularity is also associated with the limited number of Ruby developers on the market.
Your project will benefit from choosing Ruby for the backend if:
- You already have a product built on this framework. It will be pretty costly and time-consuming to convert to an alternative solution;
- You have a non-standard project with a complex structure, and your company plans to extend its functionality in the future;
- You want to create a project from scratch that embeds a wide range of functionality with the possibility of quickly testing ideas and implementing changes.
How choosing the right tech stack heads off risk
When you’re launching a startup, your tech stack is every bit as important as your product development, even though it’s invisible to your customers and doesn’t directly generate revenue.
In broad strokes, here’s how making the wrong choice in terms of tech stack can backfire:
Scaling down the road. Imagine having a growing number of users . . . but being stuck with a tech stack that can’t handle the load. What’s the fix? Often, a complete rewrite of the codebase in a more scalable language, like Node.js, PHP, Python, or Ruby, which means additional time and expense.
Migration issues. Migrating databases from one cloud or hosting provider to another is time-consuming and risky should something fall between the cracks.
Lack of qualified developers. If you go with a rarely used tech stack, you might have trouble finding developers who can fix bugs and scale it as you grow.
Incompatibility with the tech stacks of possible acquirers. Ideally, you want to go with a tech stack that won’t be a stumbling block for a prospective acquirer.
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