1) Containers (Docker and Kubernetes)
What is Kubernetes?
Kubernetes is an open source orchestration system for automating the management, placement, scaling and routing of containers that has become popular with developers and IT operations teams in recent years. It was first developed by Google and contributed to Open Source in 2014, and is now maintained by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation. There is an active Kubernetes community and ecosystem developing around Kubernetes with thousands of contributors and dozens of certified partners.
Build Kubernetes-ready applications on your desktop
Docker Desktop is an application for MacOS and Windows machines for the building and sharing of containerized applications and microservices.
Docker Desktop delivers the speed, choice, and security you need for designing and delivering these containerized applications on your desktop. Docker Desktop includes Docker App, developer tools, Kubernetes, and version synchronization to production Docker Engines. Docker Desktop allows you to leverage certified images and templates and your choice of languages and tools. Development workflows leverage Docker Hub to extend your development environment to a secure repository for rapid auto-building, continuous integration, and secure collaboration.
2) Cloud Platform (AWS, GCP, or Azure)
Here’s the summary cloud comparison between AWS vs. Azure vs. Google:
- Amazon Web Services – With a vast tool set that continues to grow exponentially, Amazon’s capabilities are unmatched. Yet its cost structure can be confusing, and its singular focus on public cloud rather than hybrid cloud or private cloud means that interoperating with your data center isn’t AWS’s top priority.
- Microsoft Azure – A close competitor to AWS with an exceptionally capable cloud infrastructure. If you’re an enterprise customer, Azure speaks your language – few companies have the enterprise background (and Windows support) as Microsoft. Azure knows you still run a data center, and the Azure platform works hard to interoperate with data centers; hybrid cloud is a true strength.
- Google Cloud – A well-funded underdog in the competition, Google entered the cloud market later and doesn’t have the enterprise focus that helps draw corporate customers. But its technical expertise is profound, and its industry-leading tools in deep learning and artificial intelligence, machine learning and data analytics are significant advantages.
3) Data Structure and Algorithm
A computer program is a collection of instructions to perform a specific task. For this, a computer program may need to store data, retrieve data, and perform computations on the data.
A data structure is a named location that can be used to store and organize data. And, an algorithm is a collection of steps to solve a particular problem. Learning data structures and algorithms allow us to write efficient and optimized computer programs.
Our DSA tutorial will guide you to learn different types of data structures and algorithms and their implementations in Python, C, C++, and Java.
If you want to become a programmer, then you ought to know Data Structure and Algorithms well; there is no escape. This is one of the important topics of any programming job interview, and without you knowing basic data structures, like an array, linked list, map, set, it’s not possible to write a real-world application.
That’s why every programmer should put a serious effort into learning the Data structure and Algorithm during their computer science course.
If you are a self-taught programmer, then also you must know Data structure and algorithm; in fact, many programming bootcamp will teach you Data structure and algorithm as the first thing.
If you want to learn it from yourself, then Data Structures and Algorithms: Deep Dive Using Java is the right place to start with.
4) A Version Control Tool (Git)
Git is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency.
Git is easy to learn and has a tiny footprint with lightning fast performance. It outclasses SCM tools like Subversion, CVS, Perforce, and ClearCase with features like cheap local branching, convenient staging areas, and multiple workflows.
5) One Text Editors (VIM)
Vim is a highly configurable text editor built to make creating and changing any kind of text very efficient. It is included as “vi” with most UNIX systems and with Apple OS X.
Vim is rock stable and is continuously being developed to become even better. Among its features are:
- persistent, multi-level undo tree
- extensive plugin system
- support for hundreds of programming languages and file formats
- powerful search and replace
- integrates with many tools
6) IDEs (VSCode or IntelliJIDEA)
The Main Difference Between IntelliJ IDEA and VS Code
Microsoft Visual Studio Code is a universal text-based code editor, with some IDE features and a growing Marketplace of plugins and extensions turning it into a fully-fledged IDE. More than anything, VS Code aims to be a flexible polyglot solution for multiple languages and frameworks including C#, VB.NET, F#, JavaScript, TypeScript, Azure, SQL, C++, Python, and Java. It is distributed for free and is open sourced.
JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA is a full-featured IDE aimed mostly at coders developing in Java and Java-based languages like Scala, Kotlin and Groovy. Available for free as IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition and Android Studio, IntelliJ also offers a paid subscription version, the IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate for an annual cost of $500 (for the first year).
When should you use VS Code?
When you need to code in .NET or any other non-Java language
VS Code is the only free tool for .NET development out there and probably the most widely adopted. The extensive support for languages and frameworks offered lets you switch between your languages or choice without having to switch IDEs.
When you’re working on primarily visual applications (like games)
VS Code offers comfortable integration between the GUI builder and code editor. For developers working on GUI components or graphic apps, VS Code might be a better fit.
When should you use IntelliJ?
When you’re looking for an IDE that is uniquely focused on Java
When you need a tool to get a specific job done, the most logical thing to do is use one that was built for it, and has proven effective. IntelliJ IDEA is just that and has a variety of plugins designed for Java specific purposes.
It comes down to the classic battle or titan like clash between “all-in-one” VS “best-of-breed”. For a long time, IntelliJ has been considered by many to be the best Java IDE (sorry, Eclipse users). VS Code is brining a new all-in-one IDE offering to the table.
As is usually the case with these types of decisions, if you’re heavy into Java then we would recommend going with the IDE that is designed with that in mind and has working on providing a great Java dev experience for years.
7) Database and SQL
What is a Database?
A database is a systematic collection of data. They support electronic storage and manipulation of data. Databases make data management easy.
Let us discuss a few examples: An online telephone directory uses a database to store data of people, phone numbers, other contact details. Your electricity service provider uses a database to manage billing, client-related issues, handle fault data, etc.
Let us also consider Facebook. It needs to store, manipulate, and present data related to members, their friends, member activities, messages, advertisements, and a lot more. We can provide a countless number of examples for the usage of databases.
What is SQL?
SQL is the standard language for dealing with Relational Databases. SQL can be used to insert, search, update, and delete database records. SQL can do lots of other operations, including optimizing and maintenance of databases. SQL stands for Structured Query language, pronounced as “S-Q-L” or sometimes as “See-Quel”… Relational databases like MySQL Database, Oracle, MS SQL Server, Sybase, etc. use ANSI SQL.
8) UNIX (Linux)
Like SQL, UNIX also has withstood the test of time. It’s also been around for more than 30 years, and I hope it will there for many more coming years. Since most of the time, programmers have to work in the UNIX machine, like Linux servers, good knowledge of the Linx command line goes a long way.
It allows you to work effectively. You can search files, know what’s going on with the system by checking its CPU and memory usage, and perform basic and advanced tasks. If you want to learn Linux commands, I suggest to go through Learn Linux in 5 Days and Level Up Your Career course on Udemy.
9) An OOP Programming language (C++, Java or Python)
When faced with so many potential ways of getting started in programming, it can be hard to decide the best direction for you to go in. Unless you are really interested in learning a niche language, however, you’re almost always better off picking a more popular programming language. This is because a popular language is more likely to have been adapted to whatever specific projects you want to build. So there’ll be more tutorials, more books, and more people available to answer the inevitable questions you have.
Python, Java, and C++ are three of the most popular and widely used programming languages in the world. Between them, there’s almost nothing you can’t build. Here we’re going to discuss Python, Java, and C++, how they’re similar, how they’re different, and what they’re best suited for.
10) One Scripting language
In point # 8, I have asked you to learn a Programming language, and here I am asking you to learn a scripting language? Why? Can the same programming language not be used as a scripting language?
Well, there is undoubtedly some language which is suitable for both OOP coding and scripting like Python, and that’s why I asked you to learn it at least, but if you happen to learn C/C++ or Java, then you can’t whip out something as quickly as a Python or Perl developer can do.
If you want to learn Python and need a course, The Complete Python Bootcamp is a great course to start with.